<p>Engine House No. 6 is a historic firehouse at 480 Howard Street in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Built in 1895-96 to a design by John Ashton, the Colonial Revival brick building is the oldest firehouse building in the city, and its design was used in the development of other city fire stations. Shuttered by budget cuts in 2009, it was reopened in 2012, and continues to serve its original purpose. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Engine House No. 6 is set at the top of Prospect Hill on Lawrence&#39;s northeast side. It is a densely-populated residential area, with the Richardsonian Romanesque John R. Rollins School across the street serving as a complementary municipal site. From the front the brick building appears to be 2-1/2 stories in height, but it has a full third story below due to its steeply sloping lot. The front facade is three bays wide, with the left two taken up by a projecting section that includes two truck bays, with groups of three sash windows above, and a hip-roof dormer (faced in copper) which also has three windows. The right bay has a clapboarded entrance, which was once an open porch, with an oriel window above. The truck bay openings are topped by granite lintels, and there is a granite beltcourse around the building just below their level. The north facade has a rounded bay section, affording views down the hill.</p><br>
<p>The firehouse was designed by John Ashton, a local architect, who deliberately embellished the buildings design with details taken from the neighboring Rollins School. It was built in 1895-96 to address the need for fire protection in the rapidly developing Prospect Hill neighborhood. The buildings design was reused in 1908 by the city for its No. 9 (Bailey Street) station, adding only a hose drying tower.</p><br>
<p>The firehouse was one of three closed due to budget concerns in 2009. It was reopened in 2012 after the city received a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency.</p><br>
<p>Essex Company Machine Shop, also known as Stone Mill or the Lawrence Machine Shop, is a historic machine shop on Union Street in Lawrence, Massachusetts. It was built in 1846 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Essex Company was incorporated on March 20, 1845 for the purpose of creating a manufacturing town on the Merrimack River. The town eventually became Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>A branch of the Boston and Maine Railroad encircled the complex to allow for delivery of raw materials and coal.</p><br>
<p>In 1850, the complex employed 400 but was designed with the capacity to employ 800-1000 workers.</p><br>
<h2>Description of the building</h2><br>
<p>The machine shop building is one of the few remaining structures from the original Essex Company site. It is 404 ft long and 64 ft wide. It is four stories high and was designed to allow access to steam locomotives. The other surviving structure is the 142&#39; (43 m) high chimney.</p><br>
<p>The Essex Institute Historic District is a historic district at 134-132, 128, 126 Essex Street and 13 Washington Square West in Salem, Massachusetts. It consists of a compact group of properties associated with the Essex Institute, founded in 1848 and merged in 1992 into the Peabody Essex Museum. Listed by increasing street number, they are: the Crowninshield-Bentley House, the Gardner-Pingree House , the John Tucker Daland House, and the Phillips Library . The John Ward House, which fronts on Brown Street but shares the 132 Essex Street address, is another National Historic Landmark within the district. The Andrew Safford House at 13 Washington Square West, built in 1819, was said to be the most expensive home in New England at the time.</p><br>
<p>The principal buildings of the district are the Daland House and the Phillips Library, the latter of which was the main Essex Institute building. The Daland House was built in 1851, the Library in 1857, and the combination now serve as the library and research facility of the Peabody Essex Museum. The Library is a two story building, although the second floor is two normal stories high (with suitably large windows), and originally served as exhibition space.</p><br>
<p>The area behind the Phillips Library and south of Brown Street is a garden area that includes two other historical structures: the Vaughan Doll House, a modest late 17th century one-room structure that may have been a Quaker meeting house, and the Lyle-Tapley Shoe Shop. They both stand near the John Ward House, which faces into the garden as well.</p><br>
<p>Just to the east of the Daland House stands the Gardner-Pingree House, an elegant Federal mansion built in 1804 by noted Salem architect Samuel McIntire. To its east, at the corner of Essex and Washington Square West, stands the Bentley-Crowninshield House, a c. 1727 Georgian house that was relocated from a site across Essex Street in 1860. The Andrew-Safford House is behind the Bentley-Crowninshield House, facing Salem Common.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972; all of the properties in the district were also included in the Salem Common Historic District in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Federal Street District is a residential and civic historic district in Salem, Massachusetts. It is an expansion of an earlier listing of the Essex County Court Buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In addition to the former county court buildings included in the earlier listing, the district expansion in 1983 encompasses the entire block of Federal Street between Washington and North Streets. It includes buildings from 32 to 65 Federal Street, as well as the Tabernacle Church at 50 Washington Street.</p><br>
<p>The original court was built in 1785. The Old Granite Courthouse, also known as the County Commissioner&#39;s Building, was built in 1841 in the Greek Revival architectural style. Adjacent to that is the Superior Court, pictured below. Built in 1862, the Superior Court is an Italianate structure that was later remodeled into the Richardsonian Romanesque style of architecture. A large new court has been constructed down the street.</p><br>
<p>Most of the residential properties on this block of Federal Street were built between 1810 and 1900. The notable exception is #47, which is a Georgian gambrel-roofed house built in the second half of the 18th century. Most of the houses are either Italianate or Second Empire in their styling; there is one Colonial Revival house, #62, built 1900. The Tabernacle Church, which abuts Federal Street but faces Washington Street, is a Georgian Revival structure built in 1923.</p><br>
<p>The Fish Flake Hill Historic District encompasses a section of Front Street in Beverly, Massachusetts that includes a remarkable concentration of colonial buildings, and which was notable for its importance in the American Revolutionary War. The district, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, includes properties on both sides of Front Street between Cabot and Bartlett Streets. It includes houses dating to the middle 18th century, sixteen of which have been documented as being associated with ship captains active in the American Revolutionary War. The port area of Beverly was one of the most active during the war, and was one of the places where many captured ships were brought.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district is the oldest neighborhood in Beverly, founded in 1626 when Roger Conant led a group of settlers from Salem. The name of the district comes "from the flakes or fish drying tables of the fish drying yards, which were found here until the late 19th century." The city created the district in 1971 and contains 152 properties on 35 acres.,</p><br>
<p>The Charles Flint Public Library is the public library of Middleton, Massachusetts. It is located in a Richardsonian Romanesque building at 1 South Main Street in the center of the town. The building, the only Romanesque building in Middleton, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Flint Public Library is set on the west side of South Main Street (Massachusetts Route 114) in Middleton&#39;s town center. It is a 1-1/2 story brick structure, set on a granite foundation, with a slate hip roof. The front facade is dominated by its entrance at the center, which is outlined in light-colored sandstone. Above this is front-facing gable, whose left side is interrupted by a square tower topped by a pyramidal roof. The tower houses a Howard clock in working condition. A wing extends to the rear of the main block, housing most of the book stacks.</p><br>
<p>Middletons first library collection was established in 1772 as a private lending collection. Middleton native Charles L. Flint in 1879 offered the town funding and a seed collection of books to establish a public library. This initial collection was merged with the private collection, and was initially housed in a room in town hall. After Flints death in 1889, the town received a $10,000 bequest from his estate. The resulting building was designed by George Loring and Stanford Phipps, regional architects known for their public buildings, and was completed in 1891. The building&#39;s stained glass windows were designed by Glasgow-born artist Donald MacDonald.</p><br>
<p>The Follansbee House is a historic house at 459 Lowell Street in Andover, Massachusetts. It was probably built c. 1835 by Paul Bailey Follansbee, previously of West Newbury, and is a locally distinctive example of an elaborate Greek Revival house. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Follansbee House is set on the north side of Lowell Street (Massachusetts Route 133), located further back from the road than neighboring houses. It is a rectangular wood frame structure, 2-1/2 stories high, with a hip roof pierced by two chimneys set toward the rear. The corners have paneled pilasters, and an entablature runs below the roof line. The front facade is three bays wide, with the bays demarcated by similar pilasters. The entrance is in the center bay, sheltered by a portico supported by Ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>The house was probably built by West Newbury native Paul Bailey Follansbee, who purchased the property in 1834. There is no record of whether this transaction included a house; it may have also been built earlier by John Crosby, the seller. Follansbee was a nursery farmer and florist, as well as an amateur archaeologist, collecting prehistoric Native artifacts he found on his property. The property was investigated by a professional archaeologist in 1951.</p><br>
<p>Fort Pickering is a 17th-century historic fort site on Winter Island in Salem, Massachusetts. Fort Pickering operated as a strategic coastal defense and military barracks for Salem Harbor during a variety of periods, serving as a fortification from the Anglo-Dutch Wars through World War II. Construction of the original fort began in 1643 and it saw use as a military installation into the 20th century. Fort Pickering is a First System fortification named for Colonel Timothy Pickering, adjutant general of the Continental Army and secretary of War in 1795. Today, the remains of the fort are open to the public as part of the Winter Island Maritime Park, operated by the City of Salem.</p><br>
<h2>17th century</h2><br>
<p>Winter Island at the time of English settlement in the early 17th century was an island separated from the mainland, held as common land by the Proprietors and used as a fortification and for fishing activities.</p><br>
<h2>18th century</h2><br>
<p>The old fortification which was named Fort William then renamed Fort Anne (for then Queen Anne), was rebuilt around 1706 under the direction of the Royal Engineers who had originally been sent by King William III to fortify the colonies. It was known as Fort Number Two in Patriot hands during the American Revolution. In 1794, the City of Salem ceded the fort to the federal government and a new fort was constructed in its place. Major repairs to the fort were conducted in 1796 and a restoration in 1799. Later in 1799 it was renamed Fort Pickering in honor of Timothy Pickering, then Secretary of State of the USA</p><br>
<h2>19th century</h2><br>
<p>The fort received its fourth military restoration in 1814. During the 19th century, the island was used primarily for fortification and in 1864 the City of Salem again ceded the island to the federal government in support of the Civil War efforts. It was also called Salem Barracks in that war.</p><br>
<h2>20th century</h2><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. In 1994, the National Register designated the entire collection of cultural resources at Winter Island and Fort Pickering as the Winter Island Historic District and Archeological District.</p><br>
<p>Fort Sewall is a historic coastal fortification in Marblehead, Massachusetts. It is located at Gale&#39;s Head, the northeastern point of the main Marblehead peninsula, on a promontory that overlooks the entrance to Marblehead Harbor. Established in 1644, it is one of the oldest English coastal fortifications in the United States. It was named after Samuel Sewall, a Massachusetts Supreme Court Justice. It was rebuilt with a blockhouse in 1775 during the American Revolution.</p><br>
<p>After the American Revolution, the federal government took over the property. During the War of 1812, on April 3, 1814, the USS Constitution, perhaps the most famous American ship of war ever to sail, took shelter under the guns of Fort Sewall from a pursuing pair of British frigates, the Tenedos and the Endymion. Despite lacking the ammunition and powder needed to sink or drive off the two frigates, the fort&#39;s garrison was able to bluff the British by running out all of their guns and acting as though they were preparing to attack. Faced with a 36-gun frigate and the defensive batteries of a fort, the British elected to retreat, none the wiser.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, Massachusetts troops were garrisoned at Fort Sewall, 12 pieces of artillery were mounted to defend Marblehead Harbor, and a few Confederate prisoners of war were held here.</p><br>
<p>The fort was turned over to the town in 1922, and is now open as a public park. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The William Foster House is a historic house at 96 Central Street in Andover, Massachusetts. The core of this house is a three-bay two-story late First Period structure built c. 1720. It was added onto about 1750, adding a two-story one-room ell to the southwest corner of the house. A new chimney core was added on the north side late in the 18th century, and a second two-story wing was added on the northwest. Although the house is traditionally dated to c. 1660 , the stylistic construction techniques indicate a later construction date.</p><br>
<p>The house is also notable for housing a boys&#39; school in the later years of the 18th century, operated by William Foster for students who could not qualify for Phillips Academy. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Fowler House is a historic house at 166 High Street in the Danversport section of Danvers, Massachusetts. Built in 1810, the brick -story structure is notable as a well-preserved example of Federal-style architecture in the area, and for its role in the early history of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities .</p><br>
<p>The house was built by Levi Preston and Stephen Whipple for Samuel Fowler, Jr., a veteran of the American Revolutionary War and early Danvers industrialist. Analysis of the records of the house construction (archived at the Peabody Essex Museum) show that was little changed at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by SPNEA in 1912, and was its second acquisition after the Swett-Ilsley House in Newbury, Massachusetts. Its relatively plain appearance led to some disagreement within the organization between preservationists seeking to preserve all types of architecture and those seeking to acquire more elegant properties. SPNEA operated the property as a house museum for some time, but sold it into private hands.</p><br>
<p>The Rea Putnam Fowler House is a historic house at 4 Elerton Lane in Danvers, Massachusetts. It is a 2-1/2 story timber frame structure, five bays wide with a side gable roof, clapboard siding, and a slender central chimney. A leanto section extends to the rear, giving the house a classic saltbox profile. The leanto section extends beyond one of the sides, creating what is called a "Beverly jog". The front entrance is centered, and is sheltered by a late 18th or early 19th-century porch. The oldest portion of the house, its western three bays and leanto, was built about 1700, and the eastern bays were added about 1725. The original chimney was quite large; the present chimney is a 19th century replacement, and a second chimney in the leanto is a 20th century addition. The house underwent a historically sensitive restoration in the 1930s, under the auspices of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities .</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Fox Hill School is a historic school building at 81 Water Street in Danvers, Massachusetts, USA. Built in 1879 and in use as a school until the 1970s, it is one of two surviving one-room schoolhouses in the town. It now houses a preschool. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Fox Hill School stands in eastern Danvers, at the southwest corner of Water and Endicott Streets. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade faces toward Water Street and the Crane River just beyond. It is symmetrical, with a pair of entrance on the main floor and a sash window in the gable above. The doorways are set in surrounds with pilasters, transom windows, and a slightly gabled pediment; the latter detail is repeated in the window surrounds. The building corners are also pilastered, with entablatures running along the side walls.</p><br>
<p>The town purchased the land for the school (then about 2 acre) in 1875, and appropriated $1,000 to have the school built four years later. It was built by George Russel, a local carpenter, for $795. It was used as a school into the 1970s, and was being used by the town for storage when surveyed in 1981. It has since been rehabilitated and adapted for use as a private preschool and kindergarten.</p><br>
<p>The French–Andrews House is a historic First Period house at 86 Howlett Road in Topsfield, Massachusetts. The oldest elements of the house date to c. 1718, and exhibit construction techniques that are clearly derived from 17th century English methods found in other, older, First Period homes in Massachusetts. It is also notable for some surviving original decorative styling in its downstairs front rooms, and as the subject of early preservation work.</p><br>
<p>When built, the house was a 2.5 story timber framed building two rooms wide and one deep, with a central chimney. It was probably built by Joseph Andrews, who purchased the property from John French Sr. In 1919 it underwent a careful restoration under the auspices of preservationist George Francis Dow. Stylistic changes and alterations made in intervening years were removed, and the timber framing was exposed. The in situ First Period decorative elements were preserved, and in some instances replicated in other parts of the house. Dow was also able to apply exterior siding in a manner that was virtually indistinguishable from period siding.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The James Friend House is a historic First Period house at 114 Cedar Street in Wenham, Massachusetts, United States. It was built by James Friend, a local carpenter, probably not long after he received a grant in 1699 to cut timber on public land. The house is a 2.5 story wood frame house with a center chimney. Its main facade is a slightly asymmetrical five bays wide, even though it was apparently originally built to that plan rather than in stages. A lean-to was added to the back of the house sometime before 1738, giving the house a saltbox appearance. This section was raised to a full two stories in the 19th century, and the roof was rebuilt. In the early 20th century, the house was moved back from the road and covered in stucco.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Front Street Block is a series of four connected commercial blocks in the West End of Gloucester, Massachusetts, USA. They were built in 1831 after a fire had devastated Gloucester&#39;s downtown the previous year.</p><br>
<p>69-71 Main Street, a three story four wide block with Federalist styling, was built for Aaron Day. A hat maker operated on the ground floor, and apartments were above.</p><br>
<p>65-67 Main Street, a three story four wide block with Federalist styling, was built for Samuel Bulkley. A "tin manufactory" operated on the ground floor, and there were apartments above. This building shared a wall with 69-71.</p><br>
<p>61-63 Main Street, also three stories and four wide, was built for William Babson, Jr., and had a shop on the ground floor with apartments above. In 1890 this building was renovated, giving it a new Victorian facade, and an enlarging addition to the rear.</p><br>
<p>55-59 Main Street is distinct from the other three buildings in being only two stories, and for having a hipped roof. It was built for Henry Smith, and first housed a cabinet maker on the ground floor, with living space above.</p><br>
<p>They were collectively listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and further included in the Central Gloucester Historic District in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Fuller House is a historic late First Period house located at 161 Essex Street in Middleton, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The oldest part of the house was built sometime before 1720 by Joseph Fuller, and consisted of two stories, each containing two rooms, with a central chimney. Later in the 18th century a leanto section was added, giving the house a saltbox appearance. This addition included a "Beverly jog", an extension of the leanto to the left side providing shelter for an entrance there. In about 1800, a gabled front entry was added to the symmetrical front facade. Most of the interior decoration also dates to about 1800.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 9, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The G.A.R. Hall and Museum is a historic museum at 58 Andrew Street in Lynn, Massachusetts. The four story brick building was built for the local outpost of the Grand Army of the Republic, an American Civil War veterans organization, in 1885. It has two storefronts on the ground floor, offices on the second floor, and a large meeting hall on the upper two floors. The roofline originally had ornate brick crenellations, but these were removed in the mid 20th century. The first two floors have also been altered over time, but the meeting hall remains in nearly original condition. With declining membership in the organization, the building was turned over to the city, which operates it as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Gedney and Cox Houses are historic houses at 21 High Street in Salem, Massachusetts. The earliest part of the Gedney House was built c. 1665, and the houses were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. They are owned by Historic New England, which offers limited tours.</p><br>
<h2>Gedney House</h2><br>
<p>The Gedney House is a historic Colonial American house, (First Period) estimated to have been constructed circa 1665. It is located at 21 High Street, near the intersection of Summer Street. The Gedney and Cox Houses are operated as a non-profit museum by Historic New England. The house is rarely open to the public, though private tours can be arranged.</p><br>
<p>The house was built for Eleazor Gedney, a well-to-do shipwright of the Gedney family, married to the sister of John Turner, builder of Salems House of the Seven Gables. Gedney purchased the unimproved land here in April 1664 close to the shore and the "buildplace" for his boats. He was married in June 1665, and the original portion of the house, two stories with gabled attic to the left and a parlor with lean-to roof to the right was erected at this time. Long-gone extensions at the rear (where some structural evidence survives) were probably original. They were surely in existence at the time of Eleazers early death in 1683 when an estate inventory mentions the hall, hall chamber, a garret, "parlour or lento" and "lento chambr," and "Kitchin, Loft over it & little leantoo." The latter lean-to was presumably in the rear.</p><br>
<p>Around 1703–1706, the original parlor lean-to was raised to a full two stories. The last (and most extensive) structural changes followed about 1800, whereby a new two-story lean-to at the rear with separate chimney replaced whatever had preceded it. At this time also the framed overhang along the street was furred out and a basement kitchen introduced. Around 1962 the central chimney was removed and the interior stripped. The house was acquired by the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (now Historic New England) in 1967.</p><br>
<p>The house is significant for its structural carpentry and for surviving early paint and decorative finishes. In the hall chamber three successive color schemes can be identified, the earliest thought to be contemporary or near-contemporary with original construction.</p><br>
<p>In 2002 the Oxford Dendrochronology Laboratory analyzed timber from the original structure and ascertained that donor trees were felled at the following times: Spring 1664 and Winter 1664/5.</p><br>
<p>Georgetown Central School, or Memorial Town Hall, is a historic school building at 1 Library Street in Georgetown, Massachusetts. The building currently serves as Georgetown&#39;s Town Hall. It occupies a prominent location in the town center, and is one of its best Colonial Revival structures.</p><br>
<p>The two story wood frame building was built in 1905 to a design by the Boston architectural firm of Cooper and Bailey, and located at the site of an earlier one-room schoolhouse built in the 18th century. It was Georgetowns first multi-room school building, and was built after the towns first high school/town hall burned down in 1898. Its siting, use, and construction were attended by some controversy, The building housed grades 1 through 9 until 1919, when the junior high grades were moved to Perley High School. It continued to serve as an elementary school until the 1970s, by which time modern facilities had been constructed for all grades. In 1974 the building was converted for use as town hall. The building underwent a major restoration in 1999-2000 in which its Colonial Revival details were sensitively restored.</p><br>
<p>The building is situated on a rise overlooking Library and Central Streets, and is accessed by drives that flank its east and west sides. It is a nearly square building, with nine window bays on the north and south sides, and eight on the east and west elevations. Windows are located symmetrically, and the entrances are centered on the north and south elevations. The main entrance is highlighted by a pedimented porch supported by narrow columns. The hipped roof is made of slate, a replacement of the original done during the 2000 restoration. Two chimney stacks, each a long narrow brick structure, rise above the east and west sides. An elevator head house has been added to the south side of the building. The exterior walls are sheathed with clapboard, with pilastered corner trim and a plain cornice. The interior of the building has been sensitively restored to bring back details that were originally present during its period as a school (as evidenced by historic photographs) and later removed.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The George Giddings House and Barn is a historic First Period farm at 66 Choate Street in Essex, Massachusetts. Both the house and the barn are estimated to have been built in the 1690s, and contain construction details unique in Essex County First Period buildings. The house was originally built as a single two story cell structure with a large chimney on one side, which was then widened with the addition of a second cell on the other side of the chimney. In the 19th century a number of alterations were made: the central chimney was removed, the entry of the house was reoriented from south to north by the addition of a new central door on the north face, and two new chimneys were added along the north elevation. The house has modern additions to the rear  side. The barn is of a similar vintage to the house, although it started with only five windows, and was extended at some point by the addition to the east of a sixth bay. It is one of a very few surviving First Period barns.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Gleason Building  is a historic commercial building located at 349-351 Essex Street in Lawrence, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a Richardsonian Romanesque style building, six stories (72 feet) tall, faced in brick and brownstone. It was built by William Oswald to a design by Arthur Gray, and boasted the city&#39;s first hydraulic elevator. The second to fourth floors of the facade are divided in two sections by brick piers that rise to round brownstone arches, with bands of sash windows on the lower two levels. The top floor is also architecturally distinctive, with four pairs of windows, each topped by a round brownstone arch.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, the buildings interior was completed gutted and renovated, and subsequently converted into 15 one-bedroom loft apartments with ground-floor retail space, and the building was renamed G Lofts.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 15, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Acton Centre Historic District encompasses the historic heart of the once-rural, now suburban, town of Acton, Massachusetts. The district includes properties on Main Street, Wood and Woodbury Lanes, Newtown, Concord, and Nagog Hill Roads. The center area has been Actons civic heart since its establishment in the 1730s. It remained so despite the growth of economic centers in West Acton and South Acton. Most of the housing stock in Acton Centre is Federal or Greek Revival in style, although there are some houses that have later Italianate and Queen Anne styling, and there are several Colonial Revival houses. The towns main civic buildings are in the district: the Congregational Church , the Town Hall , and Library .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Gloucester Fishermans Memorial  is a historic memorial cenotaph sculpture on South Stacy Boulevard, near entrance of Stacy Esplanade in Gloucester, Massachusetts, built in 1925.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is an 8 ft, bronze statue of a fisherman dressed in oilskins standing braced at the wheel on the sloping deck of his ship. The monument has a square base of sea green granite. It is positioned so that the fisherman is looking out over Gloucester Harbor. The fisherman in the sculpture was modeled after Capt. Clayton Morrissey, a prominent Gloucester fisherman, once the captain of the Effie M. Morrissey."The Clayton Morrissey Story</p><br>
<p>Capt. Clayton Morrissey, Veteran of Sea and One of Greatest Fishermen</p><br>
<p>of All Times, Stricken at Sea" (from "Out of Gloucester" at www.downtosea.com).</p><br>
<p>The stone was purposely sculpted with a rough finish to make the fisherman look rugged. Craske posed the fisherman to look as if he was facing a windstorm and was headed toward dangerous rocks. His eyes are fixed on the water and sails, while every muscle is strained to hold the wheel with a firm grip. A small plaque on the north or street-facing side of the base reads, "Memorial To The Gloucester Fisherman, August 23, 1923". A larger recessed panel on the front or harbor-facing side of the base holds an inscription of bronze letters taken from the Bible&#39;s, which reads: "They That Go Down To The Sea In Ships 1623-1923".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The English sculptor Leonard Craske (1882–1950) designed the sculpture, and it was cast by the Gorham Company of Providence, Rhode Island, in 1925. According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>The Gloucester Tercentenary Permanent Memorial Association sponsored an artistic competition to commemorate Gloucesters 300th anniversary and to permanently memorialize the thousands of fishermen lost at sea in the first three centuries of Gloucesters history. In 1879 alone, 249 fishermen and 29 vessels were lost during a terrible storm. In preparing for the competition, Craske spent many hours aboard fishing schooners, sketching and photographing fishermen at work. His design was accepted and cast at a cost of $10,000. Generally acknowledged as Craskes finest work, the Gloucester Fishermans Memorial is viewed by thousands of visitors annually and has become a symbol of the city, commemorating Gloucester&#39;s link to the sea.</p><br>
<p>The Gloucester Fisherman&#39;s Memorial was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac Goodale House is a historic house at 153 Argilla Road in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Built about 1700, the house has many original First Period elements, despite its relocation to its present location in 1928. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, and is the subject of a preservation easement held by the Ipswich Historic Commission.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Isaac Goodale House is set on a remote lot at the end of a private lane that runs to the rear of Russell Orchards on the south side of Argilla Road. It is situated facing east toward salt marshes of a small tidal river. It is a 2-1/2 story timber-framed structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. It has many surviving interior First Period elements, including chamfered beams and board and batten doors. The windows are reproductions; according to architectural historian Anne Grady, "old leading and glass found in the cellar formed the model for the new leaded glass windows" as part of a 1929 restoration.</p><br>
<p>By tradition, Robert Goodale moved from Salem to what is now Peabody in 1669 and built the house for his son Isaac shortly thereafter. Stylistic features place the construction date closer to 1700, and it was more likely built by Isaac Goodale c. 1695. The house was moved to Ipswich by a Goodale family member in 1928, its reconstruction overseen by preservationist Eugene Dow.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Gott House is a historic late First Period house on Gott Avenue at Gott Lane in Rockport, Massachusetts. The plank-framed gambrel-roofed cottage was built in 1702, exhibiting the transitional nature of the construction techniques used, and the gambrel roof, which is not a normal First Period feature. It also features 2 dormers that were added some time later. The first part built was the right side and the central chimney; this was extended with the rooms left of the chimney later in the Second Period. The interior retains significant Second Period trim and decoration. The house has never been sold, and has been handed down through the generations to its current occupants.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Zaccheus Gould House is a historic First Period house at 85 River Road in Topsfield, Massachusetts. The oldest part of the house was built c. 1670, probably for Zaccheus Gould by John Gould, one of the founders of Topsfield. The house is a 2.5 story five bay wood frame structure. The older portion of the house is on the right of the central chimney; the portion on the left is estimated to have been added c. 1700. The workmanship on the exposed framing elements inside the house suggests that the same workman also worked on the Stephen Foster House.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. Because the property was subdivided, it is no longer at its listed address, 73 Prospect Street. The property also contributes to the River Road-Cross Street Historic District, listed in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Granite Keystone Bridge is a historic bridge that carries Granite Street  over the former railroad that transported granite from Pigeon Hill to Granite Pier in Rockport, Massachusetts. The bridge arch was built in 1872 in eleven weeks. Its single arch spans 65 ft and is 32 ft wide. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Granite was extracted from Rockport quarries as early as 1830, and was a major industry in the seaside community for most of the 19th century. The Flat Ledge Quarry was one of the largest operations, moving its stones across Granite Street to first Knowlton Pier, and then later the Granite Pier, where ships transported the stone up and down the Atlantic coast. By the 1860s the Rockport Granite Company sought means to more rapidly move the stone from the quarry to the waterfront. To this end, a deep cut was made under Granite Street. The bridge over this cut was designed by John Pratt of Quincy and built in the spring and summer of 1872. Its 65-foot span was described at the time as one of the longest in the state. The bridge is built out of large blocks of dressed stone laid in courses. It is one of a small number of structures in Rockport that are built out of native stone. It is now owned and maintained by the state.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin Grant House is a historic house at 47 County Street in Ipswich, Massachusetts. It is a well-preserved early Georgian house, built c. 1735 by Benjamin Grant. He was killed in the French and Indian War, and the house subsequently came into the hands of the Ross family, who owned it well into the 20th century. The house is a 2.5 story colonial with a central chimney. The front portion of the house consists of two rooms, one on either side of the chimney, behind which is a single story leanto addition. The interior of the house has remained well preserved, showing numerous Georgian details.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and is subject to a local preservation restriction.</p><br>
<p>The Great Stone Dam  was built between 1845 and 1848 on the site of Bodwell&#39;s Falls on the Merrimack River in what became Lawrence, Massachusetts. The dam has a length of 900 ft and a height of 35 ft.</p><br>
<p>Lawrence is in Essex County, Massachusetts, approximately 25 mi north of Boston and only a few miles south of the New Hampshire border (Salem), located in the Merrimack Valley. The dam is 11 mi downstream from Lowell and is visible from Route 28 (Broadway) in Lawrence and from behind the Pacific Paper Mill (now defunct).</p><br>
<p>The dam feeds two canals (North, re-built in 1848, and South, completed in 1896). At their peak, the North Canal provided up to 13,000 horsepower and the South Canal 2,000 horsepower; the Essex Company sold "mill rights" to its water power, allowing mills to use the energy provided. The North Canal existed before the dam, but was redeveloped both to better feed the mills and to accommodate the 30 ft drop caused by the dam. About a mile in length, the canal had a guard lock and three lift locks with mitered gates. The locks were abandoned in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>Today the dam is the site of a hydroelectric plant, completed in 1981, which is owned by Enel (now parent company of the Essex Company, which still owns the dam). and the Lawrence Hydroelectric Associates.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>In part due to the successful use of the river&#39;s power to develop the industrial potential of the city of Lowell, a consortium of local industrialists (Abbott Lawrence, Edmund Bartlett, Thomas Hopkinson of Lowell, John Nesmith, and Daniel Saunders) set out to create a "New City on the Merrimack", which would later become known as Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>Land was acquired from towns on both sides of the Merrimack River (North Andover, Andover and Methuen) 11 miles downstream from Lowell. However, water power required a fall greater than the 5 ft provided by the natural river drop; to achieve a usable water height of no less than 30 ft, a dam of unprecedented size would be required.</p><br>
<p>Initially known as "The Merrimack Water Power Association" (1843) under Samuel Lawrence and Daniel Saunders, the association had identified that "there lay a tract of land resting upon foundations of imperishable blue stone and so shaped and environed by nature as to be a rare site for a permanent dam and a connected system of canals, and for the building of a manufacturing city&quot this tract was at Bodwell&#39;s Falls.</p><br>
<p>In 1845 Abbott Lawrence, Nathan Appleton, Patrick T. Jackson, John A. Lowell, Ignatius Sargent, William Sturgis and Charles S. Storrow incorporated as the Essex Company with a charter to develop water power for planned textile mills along the Merrimack River by building a dam at the preferred site. In addition to being a company director, Storrow was the lead engineer for the Essex Company and is credited as the designer and engineer of the dam.</p><br>
<p>Previous to incorporating as the Essex Company, the group of men had been known as the "Boston Associates" and had made similar developments upstream in Lowell, where a dam of similar (but smaller) size had already been built, giving rise to that industrial city.</p><br>
<p>The plans set forth by the Essex Company, for the dam and surrounding industrialization, were so popular that it took less than one month to acquire capital of 1 million dollars.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Gilmore & Carpenter won the contract to build the dam. The construction commenced and finished on the same day (September 19) three years apart (one source states it was the same hour) from the first stone laid in 1843 to the last in 1848. Charles H. Bigelow, who had been an engineer in the US Army, supervised the construction.</p><br>
<p>The exact construction is outlined as follows:</p><br>
<p>"The dam is constructed of huge granite blocks, laid in hydraulic cement firmly embedded and bolted upon the river rock bed. The thickness at the base is 35 feet, narrowed gradually to about 13 feet below the crest stone. The greatest height of masonry is 22 feet and the average plunge of water 25 to 26 feet without flashboards. The masonry, including wings extending inland, is 1,629 feet in length. The overflow of water is 900 feet wide from wing to wing, the crest line curving slightly upstream. A solid filling of earth, backing the masonry and sloping back, one foot in six, protects the structure. The south wing wall is 324 feet long and the north wing 405 feet. The original cost of the structure, at the time of building when prices of labor and material ruled low, was about $250,000.".</p><br>
<p>The construction was innovative for the time as it used hydraulic injections of concrete into the spaces between the granite stones. This has led to the dam&#39;s reliability and durability, as despite several severe floods no repairs to the dam itself have ever been required, although repairs were made in 1894 to the wooden flashboards and the flashboard system was updated in 2007 to improve water control. No repairs to the stonework have ever been needed.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its construction it was the largest dam in the world, and it remains one of the significant landmarks defining the city to which its creation gave birth. It was so significant to the city at the time, a celebration was held in honor of its semi-centennial in 1895, yet now may be less celebrated, as at the site of the dam there is no viewing platform, monument or historical marker giving passersby information about the historical innovation and social marvel beneath their feet. The Lawrence History Center (located in what were the offices of the Essex Company) has significant displays on the dam and its creation.</p><br>
<p>The construction of the dams and canals might have been more expensive if not for the easy availability of cheap labor, often Irish immigrants, who worked in what could be appalling and unsafe conditions which contributed to injury and sometimes death.</p><br>
<h2>Post-construction (20th century) development</h2><br>
<p>Increasingly from the end of World War II, the economic, social and industrial landscapes within which the mills relied on the dam&#39;s power were changing. Complex interrelated forces including geographical migration of the textile industry and development of an increasingly influential "consumer economy" with high shopper expectations, demanding price models and rapidly evolving fashion tastes, plus the development of energy and industrial technologies, all led to widespread mill closures, making the power the dam provided obsolete for current needs while also wholly inadequate for newer development.</p><br>
<p>While these and other changes reduced demand for the dam&#39;s energy, demand for hydroelectric power was growing: the Great Stone Dam was both literally and figuratively well placed to be as much a part of the future as it had been of the past if investment could be found for the necessary modernization. In the 1970s the Lawrence Hydroelectric Associates began the construction of a $28-million power plant at the south end of the Great Stone Dam that would ensure energy production and preserve the architectural integrity of the dam. In 1981, the project was completed allowing the generation of 16.8 MW of energy, far more than the 15,000 hp the dam provided in its heyday.</p><br>
<p>The plant&#39;s development included a high-tech fish ladder intended to promote fish migration, especially salmon. Fish numbers in the river are higher than before, but time has shown that although the presence of a ladder is better than not having one, the dam—as do all unnatural river obstructions—has had a detrimental impact on natural resources. Although hydroelectric power has often been billed as a sustainable green energy source, continued sustainability relies on developing better ways of supporting nature, fish habitat and fundamental ecological services.</p><br>
<p>The need to work in partnership with nature and be more responsive to a changing climate led in 2007 to $3.5 million in improvements and repairs, including replacement of the old plywood flashboards with a more reliable metal and rubber-bladder washboard structure (for better flood and water level control), as well as improving fish migration. In 2008 repairs were delayed by exceptionally heavy rains which highlighted the necessity of the repairs. The development was carefully planned to ensure longevity and capacity for the 19th century achievement.</p><br>
<p>It remains owned by the Essex Company which itself is now owned by Enel Green Energy, in partnership with Lawrence Hydroelectric Associates.</p><br>
<p>Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, the Great Stone Dam is considered one of the greatest engineering projects of the 19th century due to its size, its method and the impact of its development. It stands as testament to the heyday of great innovation and innovators, to a time of economic and social development, to the Essex Company itself, and most importantly to an immigrant city born in and of the American industrial revolution. It was further included in the North Canal Historic District in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Contribution to local recreation</h2><br>
<p>Because of the impact on the depth and flow of the river, and the large mill pond caused by the dam, the area above and below the dam have enhanced recreational opportunities.</p><br>
<p>A large area for sailing, kayaking and boating is located immediately upstream from the dam, supported by a large boat house housing the Greater Lawrence Community Boating Program (as well as a water rescue station).</p><br>
<p>Despite conservationist concerns over fish numbers, the area immediately below the dam is a popular fishing location for breeds such as white perch, American shad, river herring, and in season, striped bass, also known as "stripers", as the area has a larger concentration of fish due to the dam and an easily accessible shoreline for both boaters and shoreside anglers.</p><br>
<p>The Hale-Boynton House is a historic house on Middle Street in Newbury, Massachusetts. The house is now part of the campus of The Governor&#39;s Academy, where it is referred to as "Boynton House". It was built in 1764, and is notable for its well-preserved Georgian architecture, and for its association with the inventor E. Moody Boynton. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hale Boynton House is located in Newburys Byfield area, on the west side of Middle Street north of Elm Street. It is surrounded by more modern buildings that make up part of the campus of The Governors Academy, a private boarding school founded in 1763. It is 2-1/2 stories in height, built of timber frame construction, with a side gable roof, two interior brick chimneys, and an exterior finished on the front and rear in clapboards, and on the sides in wooden shingles. The front facade is five bays wide, with the entrance at the center, flanked by pilasters and topped by a transom window and corniced entablature. The interior has an unusual floor plan for the period, with five rooms arrayed around the chimneys. Many original features remain, including raised wooden paneling on the walls and fireplace surrounds, and iron hooks used in cooking.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1764 for Joseph Hale, whose family had owned the land since 1733, operating a tavern that served travelers at the nearby river crossing. Hale and later his son both served as trustees of the academy after its founding, and boarded some of its students here, most notably Admiral Edward Preble. In 1898 the house was acquired by E. Moody Boynton, who was born in Ohio but whose family had deep roots in Byfield. Boynton was an eccentric inventor who became wealthy by patenting the M-shaped sawtooth, but may be best remembered for the Boynton Bicycle Railroad, a type of steam-powered monorail. The house and land were conveyed to the academy by Boynton&#39;s widow, and it continues to be used as housing.</p><br>
<p>The Hamilton Historic District encompasses the early historic center of Hamilton, Massachusetts. It includes properties at 540-700 and 563-641 Bay Road, extending along the road from Orchard Road in the south to Cutler Road in the north. Numerous Greek Revival buildings are located within the district including the First Congregational Church of Hamilton, built in 1843. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Hamilton was originally a part of Ipswich, with the first documented settlement in the area in 1638, and Bay Road (now Massachusetts Route 1A) laid out in 1640. It was established as a separate parish in 1714 and incorporated in 1793. The parish center, at the junction of Bay and Cutler Roads, became the town center, with the meeting house, cemetery, and village green all early features. The site of the meeting house is now occupied by the Greek Revival First Congregational Church, which performs the same religious function. Hamilton&#39;s 1898 Colonial Revival Town Hall also stands in the district. The district has been relatively little altered since the mid-19th century, as evidenced by maps of that and later periods.</p><br>
<p>The historic district extends along Bay Road, from its junction with Cutler Road in the north to Orchard Road in the south. Twenty of its primary buildings are residences, with a few early 18th-century Georgian houses and a larger number of 19th-century Greek Revival houses. The oldest house, a saltbox built c. 1700, stands at 638 Bay Road. Besides the church and town hall, the other non-residential buildings include the village store (c. 1840), and a cobbler&#39;s shop that has been converted to residential use. All of the buildings are of frame construction, and almost all are finished in clapboards; one of the most recently built houses (1900) is finished in stucco.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Hardy House is a historic late First Period house at 69 King Street in Groveland, Massachusetts. Built about 1720 with plank frame construction, it is a relatively rare example of that form in the region. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Joseph Hardy House stands in a rural residential area of eastern Groveland, on the west side of King Street south of its junction with Outlook Drive. It is a 2-1/2 story timber frame structure, with a side gable roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior, set back from the road and facing south. The rear roofline descends to the first floor, giving the house a classic New England saltbox profile. Its main facade is five bays wide, with small second-floor windows set close to the eave, and taller 20th-century windows on the ground floor, flanking the central entrance. The interior follows a typical center-chimney plan, with a narrow vestibule in front of the chimney and chambers to either side. The rooms have exposed beams in the First Period style, with evidence of plank framing the woodwork surrounding the chimney.</p><br>
<p>According to local history, the house was built about 1720 by Joseph Hardy, which is supported by analysis of the construction techniques used. It is an relatively infrequent instance of plank frame construction which is not usually found in the region. One half of the saltbox leanto section was added sometime later in the 18th century; the other was added early in the 20th century. The house remained in the hands of Hardy&#39;s descendants into the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Urias Hardy House is a historic house at 50 Brown Street in Methuen, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Urias Hardy was an overseer at the nearby Arlington Mills. The Brown Street house, built in 1900, is a fine example of the large single-family home constructed during a time of rapid midde class expansion. The larger more elaborate home is in contrast to the smaller worker houses being built closer to the mills. The Hardy House was built during a period when Methuen became a "bedroom" community for the more urban Lawrence, and is associated with the last period of single-family house building prior to World War II.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 20, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Edward Harraden House is a historic house at 12–14 Leonard Street in Gloucester, Massachusetts. It was built on land purchased by Edward Harraden in 1656, who is presumed to have built the house not long afterward. It was one of the early houses in the development of Annisquam village. It is a 2.5 story seven bay colonial with an off-center central chimney. The oldest portion of the house is the second through fourth bays from the left; the interior sections to the right of the chimney was added sometime before 1765. The house was afterward further extended by one bay on each side. The only clear evidence of its First Period origins is in the attic, or is covered over by the walls.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1660 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Hart House is a historic First Period house at 172 Chestnut Street in Lynnfield, Massachusetts. The two story, three bay wood frame house was built in stages. The oldest portion is the front of the house, consisting of two stories of rooms on either side of a central chimney. It was probably built by John Hiram Perkins, the owner of the property from 1695 to 1719. Not long afterward, a leanto section was added to the rear, giving the house its saltbox appearance. It was acquired by John Hart in 1838, and it remained in his family until 1945. Even though the house underwent a major rehabilitation in 1968, its First Period construction is still evident.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Haverhill Board of Trade Building is a historic factory building at 16-18 and 38-42 Walnut Street in Haverhill, Massachusetts. The seven story brick building was built in stages between 1906 and 1908 by the Haverhill Board of Trade, a consortium of local businessmen. The purposes of the building was to provide affordable factory space to small business operators, principally in the shoe manufacturing business that dominated Haverhills economy in the early 20th century. The building also marked an expansion of Haverhills business and industrial district into a previously residential area. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It is been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Haverhill Board of Trade Building is set on the south side of Walnut Street, a short way north of Washington Street, Haverhill&#39;s main downtown thoroughfare. It occupies most of the block between Emerson and Locust Streets, abutting properties that front on them. It is a large U-shaped brick structure, with the open end of the U facing south, and an extended facade facing Walnut Street. This facade, 25 bays wide, also has the only significant architectural ornamentation. Its principal features are its two entrance bays, each located four bays in from the ends. Both have round-arch openings with brick piers and dentil courses around the arch. Although most of the building is red brick, the end bays are in a buff color, and there is a dentillated band of brickwork in buff between the second and third floors across the front.</p><br>
<p>The conception and construction of this building in 1906-08 represented a shift in the local approach to industrial development. Haverhill was by that time one of the nations leading producers of footwear, and the citys economic leaders had formed a local Board of Trade in 1901 to stimulate economic activity. The stated objective in construction of this building was to provide facilities that would act as a business incubator, allowing small businesses to develop. It also marked a significant expansion of the city&#39;s industrial facilities away from Washington and Essex Streets, where they were then concentrated. After its construction (in which the three legs of the U were built separately, as land was acquired for them), the building rapidly filled up with relatively small shoe-manufacturing operations and companies that serviced them.</p><br>
<p>Competition in the shoe industry stiffened in the 1930s, and other industries began to move in. The Board of Trade sold the building&#39;s three parts to separate owners in 1944-45. Shoe-related businesses continued to occupy at least parts of the building until 1969. It eventually became the headquarters and principal show room of Cabot Furniture, which owned two of the three parcels until 2004. At that time all three parts of the building were reunited under single ownership. The building has since been converted into residential units.</p><br>
<p>The Haverhill Historical Society Historic District encompasses a collection of historic buildings that have been accumulated by the Haverhill Historical Society at 240 Water Street in Haverhill, Massachusetts. The district, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005, has at its core a Federal style farmhouse that was donated  to the society in 1903. It includes about 1.5 acre of land between John Ward Avenue and the Merrimack River, on which stand four buildings; there is also an archeological site, the remains of a late 17th-century homesite, on the property.</p><br>
<p>The colonial history of the property begins in the 1660s, when it was the home of Elizabeth Ward and Nathaniel Saltonstall, grandson of early Massachusetts settler Richard Saltonstall, and one of the judges of the Salem witch trials. The Saltonstall family held the property in the late 18th century, when a 30 acre parcel with the house on it was taken by mortgage foreclosure by George Watson, brother-in-law to Richard Saltonstall. The property was sold by Watson&#39;s heirs to James Duncan, Sr., and it either he or his son Samuel who built the brick Federal style house known as Buttonwoods that now stands on the property. The old Saltonstall house was demolished around this time.</p><br>
<p>Sometime in the early-to-mid 19th century a second house was built on the property, which was generally occupied by the farmer who managed the land. This house, known as the "Ward" house, was relocated to Eastern Avenue, sometime between 1880 and 1891. The main house and surrounding farmlands remained in the Duncan family until 1888, when heirs began subdividing and selling the farmland. The house remained in Elizabeth Duncan&#39;s ownership until she gave it to the Haverhill Historical Society in 1903.</p><br>
<p>The historical society acquired the property in part to house its growing collection of papers and artifacts, and the eastern two rooms of the house were adapted as a firesafe vault for those materials. The rest of the house was first occupied by the society&#39;s curator, who redecorated the house and used it to display his personal collection. In 1906 the "Ward" house was returned to the property, at a site believed to be near its original location. This is house is used by the historical society for interpretive displays.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s the society acquired a chapel building on the north side of John Ward Avenue, which it renamed Tenney Hall. This building was to the main parcel in the 1980s, after the society sold the land it was on to Linwood Cemetery. The last main contribution to the property is a historic 1860s ten footer (a small shoe manufacturing building), added to the property in 1957.</p><br>
<p>The Hazen-Kimball-Aldrich House is a historic First Period house at 225 E. Main Street in Georgetown, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The Hazen House was built around the 1680s by Thomas and Mary Hazen. Thomas was born in Rowley, Mass. January 29, 1657 (son of Edward Hazen, first generation to migrate to America from Lincolnshire, England) and Mary Howlett born in Ipswich, Mass. around 1664. Thomas and Mary moved from the house in 1710-11, relocating to Norwich, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The oldest part of the house is the central chimney and the rooms immediately to its right; the rooms to the chimney&#39;s left were built next (probably not long afterward), and the leanto section (which faces the street today) was added in the middle of the 18th century. In 1906 a barn was attached to the north side of the house and converted to living space.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Hazen-Spiller House is a historic late First Period house at 8 Groveland Street in Haverhill, Massachusetts. Built c. 1724 by Richard Hazen, It is a rare example of a brick house of the time, and notable for its role in early 20th century restoration activities. The 2.5 story building is made of brick laid in English bond, with end chimneys and a central hall layout. The house was acquired in 1911 by early preservationist William Taylor, who took notes detailing the buildings First Period features. In 1915 Taylor sold the house to Wallace Nutting, who undertook a "restoration" that covered over some of those features and may have destroyed others. The house was one of a series owned by Nutting and showcased in a guidebook, Chain of Picture Houses, he used to popularized colonial styles.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The High Service Water Tower and Reservoir are a public water supply facility off Massachusetts Route 110 in Tower Hill, Lawrence, Massachusetts. The reservoir was constructed in 1874-75 to provide the city&#39;s public water supply, with a gatehouse designed by Charles T. Emerson, a Lawrence architect. The tower was built in 1896 as a high pressure standpipe or water tower. The tower stands 157 ft high, and is built out of red brick with granite trim. It is Romanesque in its style, and was designed by George G. Adams, a noted local architect who had been taught by Emerson. The standpipe inside the tower is of steel construction and is 102 ft in height. The area above the standpipe includes a balcony capped by a chateauesque roof, with round-arch windows providing views of the area. The main tower is octagonal in shape, with a narrow round staircase tower projection from one side.</p><br>
<p>The tower and reservoir were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Hickey—Osborne Block is a historic commercial-residential building at 38—60 Main Street in Peabody, Massachusetts. It is a distinctive repurposing of three residential structures, dating as far back as 1797, by raising them and building brick commercial ground floors beneath them. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hickey-Osborne Block occupies a long portion of a city block on the north side of Main Street east of Peabody Square in downtown Peabody, opposite its junction with Park Street. The building has five groundfloor storefronts, reflective of the history of its construction. The upper levels consist of three wood-frame houses, each 2-1/2 stories in height, thus giving the building as a whole a height of 3-1/2 stories. In the gaps between these houses are stylistically linked single-story flat-roof wood frame commercial elements.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the block is the easternmost house, built about 1797 for John Upton, while the other two houses date to about 1835. All have five-bay facades in the Federal style, although the middle house has had its center bays replaced by a two-story bay window structure. The Upton House was raised on 1897 by S. Osborne, and its ground floor was remodeled in the 1960s to match the other elements of the building. The houses of Daniel Dodge and Ebenezer Sprague Upton were raised in 1923. At that time, the infill sections between the buildings were also added. This development is reflective of the transition of Peabodys downtown Main Street from a mainly residential area to one that is now entirely commercial. The three houses are the best-preserved reminders of the areas residential past.</p><br>
<p>The High Street Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in Ipswich, Massachusetts. It encompasses the oldest section of High Street, which was laid out when Ipswich was founded in 1633. The district runs for four blocks from the junction with Town Farm Road and the railroad right-of-way in the west, to North Main Street in the east. The street was for several centuries part of the principal thoroughfare through the town, but became sidelined by the construction of Central Street in 1871, which bypassed traffic off most of this stretch of High Street.</p><br>
<p>Ipswich was from its earliest days an important transit stop, and High Street was the location of its inns for travelers. It was also where courts met when judges rode the circuit. In the 18th century small industrial shops also populated the street, and some of these led to the building of larger textile firms elsewhere. When Central Street was built just south of High Street, the street began to acquire a more distinctly residential character, which it retains to this day.</p><br>
<p>The district contains more than thirty structures built before 1750, many of which retain First Period and Georgian styling. Some of the more interesting houses include that of John Caldwell, built c. 1660 on the site of Governor Simon Bradstreet&#39;s original 1630s house, the c. 1770s town jail, which was converted into a Greek Revival house in the 19th century, and the c. 1727 house of Reverend Nathaniel Rogers. One of the more unusual later buildings included on the district is a Stick Victorian at 12 High Street.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Holt Farm is a historic farm built in 1708 and located at 89 Prospect Road in Andover, Massachusetts. The house was built on the highest point in Essex County on land granted in Nicholas Holt III, after his 1708 marriage to Mary Manning. In the early 20th century the area was renamed Holt HIll for the family, replacing the old name of Prospect Hill.</p><br>
<p>The first Holt in Andover was Nicholas Holt, an early officer of the town and grandfather of Nicholas Holt III, who was a tanner who also ran the ferry across the Shawsheen River. Despite evidence that Nicholas himself was barely literate, his descendants became known for their academic accomplishments with a long line of ministers and teachers.</p><br>
<p>Early settlers of Andover, the Holts lived near Scotsman Robert Russell, in the part of Andover long known as the Scotland District. Russell, the first person to be interred in the newly designated South Parish burying ground in 1710, had ten children, three of whom married Holts from nearby Holt Farm.</p><br>
<p>Much of the original Holt Farm now forms portions of the Ward Reservation and is owned by The Trustees of Reservations as a public park.</p><br>
<p>The Holt-Cummings-Davis House is a historic house located at 67 Salem Street in Andover, Massachusetts. It is estimated to have been built around 1700 at a location across the street, and nothing is known of its owners at the time. The first recorded owner was William Hawley, who bought it in 1803. It was purchased in 1835 by Job Abbott as a wedding present for is daughter Lucy, who married Joseph Holt. Under their ownership it was moved to its present location, and a new house was built on the old site. This house was next owned by Daniel Cummings, who married into the Holt family. In 1895 the property was bought by Augustus Davis, whose family owned it until 1935. The house itself is an unusual 1.5 story First Period house, six irregularly spaced bays wide, with a slightly off-center chimney. The house has been restored, and a large modern addition has been added to its west end.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Newburyport Harbor Front Range Light is one of two historic range lights in Newburyport, Massachusetts. When it was built in 1873, it was located at Bayleys Wharf, and provided, in combination with the Rear Range Light, a critical aid for navigating into Newburyports harbor. In 1964 the light was moved to its present location on the grounds of the Merrimack River Coast Guard Station. The stations are no longer in service, but serves as a daymark for arriving mariners.</p><br>
<p>The light was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, and included in the Newburyport Historic District in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Range lights, or leading lights, are pairs of beacons used to guide ships and ensure safe passage. The beacons consist of two lights that are separated in distance and elevation, so that when they are aligned, with one above the other, they provide a bearing. The original range lights at Newburyport Harbor were maintained by private subscriptions. By 1872 Congress had appropriated funds to establish publicly maintained range lights after one of the previous pair was destroyed in a storm.</p><br>
<p>Newburyports front range light is a circular structure, with a steel plate exterior, that is 35 ft tall. Access is gained via a hatch-like curved door. The tower is topped by a ten-sided lantern house, surrounded by an iron balcony with railing. The windows of the lantern house are covered in wood. The light was constructed in 1873 on Bayleys Wharf, a short way west of its present location, along with the rear range light, which stands near Water Street. The light was converted from coal-based power to electricity in 1933, and automated in 1952. In about 1961 a 20 ft hexagonal extension was built to increase the tower&#39;s height; this has since been removed. The tower was moved to its present site in 1964, at which the Coast Guard station was built in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Newburyport Harbor Rear Range Light is a historic lighthouse at 61½ Water St. near the Merrimack River in Newburyport, Massachusetts. It was built in 1873 as one of a pair of range lights for guiding ships up the river to the city&#39;s harbor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Range lights, or leading lights, are pairs of beacons used to guide ships and ensure safe passage. The beacons consist of two lights that are separated in distance and elevation, so that when they are aligned, with one above the other, they provide a bearing. The original range lights at Newburyport Harbor were maintained by private subscriptions. By 1872 Congress had appropriated funds to establish publicly maintained range lights after one of the previous pair was destroyed in a storm.</p><br>
<p>The rear light is a brick tower, 53 ft in height, located close to Water Street near the Merrimack River Coast Guard Station. The tower was traditionally painted white on the upper third of the river-facing side, with a thick white stripe down the rest of the facade. That side is now painted entirely white, while the other three sides are unpainted. The tower is topped by an eight-sided lens room, which is surrounded by an iron balcony and railing.</p><br>
<p>When the range lights became active in 1873 local caretakers took responsibility for them. The job was later transferred to Plum Island lighthouse keepers.</p><br>
<h3>Decommissioning</h3><br>
<p>In 1961 the range lights were decommissioned and the rear light became private property. Today it is available to rent for events and offers a view of the river and city.</p><br>
<p>The lighthouse, along with its mate, the Newburyport Harbor Front Range Light, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987,</p><br>
<p>The Newbury Historic District encompasses the historic town center of Newbury, Massachusetts. Centered on the town&#39;s upper green, the area has a history of more than 350 years, and includes buildings dating to the 17th century. It extends from the green northward on High Street to the town line with Newburyport. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Newbury was incorporated in 1635, with a town center originally further along the Parker River. The present upper green was laid out in 1642 as a militia training ground, and became the new center of the town (which then included both Newburyport and West Newbury). The first meetinghouse was built in 1646 on a site at the greens northwest corner, where subsequent churches stood until the present 1869 First Parish Church was built across High Road. The First Parish Cemetery was also laid out in 1646, and is where many of Newburys early settlers are buried. The green was used as an encampment side during the American Revolutionary War by forces under the command of Benedict Arnold, en route to Quebec in 1775.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is bounded on the south by the upper green, and the buildings that face it on High Road, Green Street, and Hanover Street. It then extends northward along High Road to the present town line with Newburyport (separated from Newbury in 1764). Most of the buildings in the district are residential wood frame structures. Notable among these are the Swett-Ilsley House and the Coffin House, two 17th-century houses that are now museum properties of Historic New England. The district also includes Newburys town hall (c. 1935) and the 1898 Woodbridge School, built on the homesite of the towns first schoolteacher, John Woodbridge.</p><br>
<p>The Newburyport Historic District encompasses most of the historic downtown area of Newburyport, Massachusetts. It is roughly bounded by the Merrimack River, Water Street, State Street and High Streets. Covering some 750 acre of land and more than 2,500 contributing buildings, it includes the most populous part of the city, and a panoply of architectural styles, dating from the 17th century to the early 20th century. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The city of Newburyport is located on the south bank of the Merrimack River in northeastern Massachusetts. Its downtown area is located a short way inland from the Gulf of Maine, along a stretch of the river that flows southeast toward a large harbor area. What is now a somewhat dense grid of streets extends from Ashland Street in the northwest to Marlboro Street in the southeast, bounded on the southwest by High Street, located at the crest of a low ridge that parallels the river. This basic road network dates to the 17th century. It is roughly bisected by United States Route 1, which is briefly a limited access roadway as it passes through the area. The commercial downtown area is east of US 1 and near the river, with predominantly residential areas to the west, east and south.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is dominated by Federal period architecture in both its residential and commercial areas, owing to the city&#39;s principal period of prosperity, which came to an end with the advent of the War of 1812, which disrupted the trading activities of its seafaring merchants. It includes a number of properties previously listed on the National Register, including the former US Custom House (now a museum), the main post office, and the National Historic Landmark Caleb Cushing House. A particularly fine series of Federal mansions are to be found on High Street. It also has a substantial amount of residential architecture of the later 19th century, although this tends to be more vernacular in style, as it accompanied the rise of a lower industrial working class in the community.</p><br>
<p>Nahant Beach Boulevard, also Nahant Causeway and Nahant Road is a historic road on the isthmus connecting Nahant, Massachusetts to the mainland at Lynn, Massachusetts. The road runs from the Lynn Rotary, its junction with Lynn Shore Drive and the Lynnway, about 1.5 mi to Wilson Road in Nahant. It passes through Nahant Beach Reservation, a state park offering beach access on the isthmus. The road offers expansive views of the area coastlines and Boston Harbor. Both the park and the roadway are administered by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation.</p><br>
<p>Nahant Beach Boulevard was first laid out in 1905, as part of the Metropolitan District Commission&#39;s program of developing oceanfront parkways, and provided the first paved road access to Nahant. It was designed by the firm of Olmsted, Olmsted, and Eliot, predecessor to the Olmsted Brothers landscape design firm. Around the same time, rail access and a bridle path were also added to the isthmus.</p><br>
<p>In 1936 that roadway alignment was converted into a parking area, and the present roadway was completed the following year on the alignment of the railroad bed. The Lynn Rotary was completed in 1935. This work, along with the conversion of the bridle path to a promenade, was paid for by Works Progress Administration grants. Since then modifications to the roadway have been modest. Seawalls have been built, a chain link fence was installed on the wall between the road and the parking lot, and the rotary was landscaped.</p><br>
<p>When the roadway was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, the designation included, in addition to the roadway itself, the Lynn Rotary and the Spanish–American War Memorial located in the rotary; a second memorial, the Aliferis Monument, postdates the period of significance for the listing.</p><br>
